01 - Preheat oven to 400°F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together all-purpose flour, whole wheat flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, and salt.
03 - Add the cold, cubed butter. Using a pastry cutter or your fingertips, work the butter into the flour until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs.
04 - Stir in raisins or currants and caraway seeds, if using.
05 - In a separate bowl, whisk together buttermilk and egg. Pour into the dry mixture and stir just until combined; do not overmix.
06 - Turn dough onto a floured surface. Gently pat into a 1-inch thick circle.
07 - Cut into 8 wedges or use a round cutter for traditional scone shapes.
08 - Transfer to prepared baking sheet. Brush tops with buttermilk and sprinkle with coarse sugar if desired.
09 - Bake for 16 to 18 minutes, or until golden brown and a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
10 - Cool slightly on a wire rack. Serve warm or at room temperature.