01 - Preheat oven to 400°F. Lightly grease a 9x13-inch casserole dish with butter or nonstick spray.
02 - Bring a large pot of generously salted water to a rolling boil. Add the trimmed and halved Brussels sprouts, cooking for 3 to 4 minutes until just fork-tender. Drain thoroughly and set aside.
03 - In a large skillet over medium heat, melt the butter. Add the chopped onion and cook for about 3 minutes until softened and translucent. Stir in the minced garlic and cook for an additional 30 seconds until fragrant.
04 - Sprinkle the flour over the onion and garlic mixture, stirring constantly. Cook for 1 to 2 minutes to form a smooth roux and cook off the raw flour taste.
05 - Gradually whisk in the whole milk and heavy cream, pouring slowly to prevent lumps. Continue whisking over medium heat for about 4 minutes until the sauce thickens enough to coat the back of a spoon. Stir in the Dijon mustard, salt, black pepper, and ground nutmeg.
06 - Remove the skillet from heat. Add ¾ cup of the Parmesan cheese and all of the mozzarella cheese, stirring gently until completely melted and the sauce is smooth.
07 - Add the blanched Brussels sprouts to the skillet, tossing gently to coat evenly in the creamy sauce. Transfer the entire mixture to the prepared casserole dish, spreading into an even layer.
08 - Sprinkle the remaining ½ cup of Parmesan cheese evenly over the top. In a small bowl, toss the panko breadcrumbs with olive oil and scatter over the casserole for a golden, crunchy finish.
09 - Bake in the preheated oven for 25 to 30 minutes, or until the top is deeply golden and the sauce is bubbling around the edges.
10 - Remove from the oven and let the casserole rest for 5 minutes to allow the sauce to set. Garnish with chopped fresh parsley and serve hot.